Red algea (rhodophyta)
According to Wikipedia algs are kinds of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms . Algea includes wide range of species such as Phytosarcodina, Flagellata and Rhodophyta is called red algae. A lot of algea species live in water and most of them have not any stomata , xylem or phloem that are procurable by plant cells. Jennifer Kennedy (January 18,2020) says that as the name suggest , red algea is reddish or purplish. Although, wide range of algea are green or brown, red algea include multifarious pigments such as chlorophyll, red phycoerythrin, blue phycocyanin. Furthermore, Red algea is significant for ecosystem. Because it is consumed by fishes, worms and gastropods. Regina Bailey , (September 12, 2018) claims that red algea is generally prevalent in tropical aquatic areas. Depite the other algeas, flagella and centrioles are not found in Red algaes. Red algae evolves on solid surfaces such as tropical reefs. İn addition, cell walls of Red algea are formed by cellulose and wide variety of carbohydrates.
Red algea compounds ( Chemical
consistituents from red algea)
Red algea reproduces both sexually and
asexually. It creates different types of seaweeds. Maria Morrow claims that
having multicellular haploid and diploid stages enable to produce gametes more.
A diploid Phase which produce the zygote , enable more chance of meiosis for
fertilization. Red algea have a life cycle with an extra diploid stage .
According to Radbough University Nijmegen,
Gametes and pores are moved by water in a passive way. Egg cells of red algea is more non-motiles
respect to sperms. The egg cells of red
algea grows in carpogonium which is female gametangium. The sperms are
generated in a spermatangium as well.
However, it has no of it’s own mobility. Moreover, Red algea consist of 3
different types of stages such as orange , green and blue background.
Firstly
, Orange background begins from spores such as female and male heterothalic gametophytes
and evolves after sprouting. On a productive side of trichoblast spermatangia
evolves which leads to male gametes. İn female gametes, carpogonia which give birth to egg cells, occurs. Secondly, the green background, the fertilization happens
on an egg cells in the carpogonium. İn this way , carposporophyte that is
formed , continues in the gametophyte. İn addition , spores let out from the carposporangia
thanks to mitotic division. Finally , in the blue background carpospores do not
become a gametophyte. On the second type of sporophyte tetrasporangia are occured
that go along meiosis and generate tetraspores. Also , it evolves from two
males and two females gametophyte that include four spores.
(Red algea life cyle)
Red algea has a specific evolution process as
well. According to wikipedia, Choloroplasts have transformed following an
endosymbiotic case from the ancestral form to the early eukaryotic living
things. This case caused descend of the red and green algea. Red algea is seperated
into Cyanidiophyceae. Cyanidiophyceae is a kind of thermoacidophilic extremophiles
which are found in hot and acidic climates. So, this case is an adaptation that transfers
genes from the prokaryotes. Red algea is one of the oldest algea type. According
to wikipedia Bangiomorpha pubescens which is extremely similar with modern Red
algea and found in rocks , were placed in Canada . Moreover a fossil of a kind
that is very similar with red algea, were found in İndia between 2006 and 2011.
These algeas is embedded in stromatolites in the ancient indian phosphorite
that makes them the eldest plants ever situated by around 400 million years.
So, red algea has some old fosssil records and it is the eldest algea kind.
As a result, most of the red algeas are found in marine ecosystem with a
mondial distribution and it consists of different types of compounds. İt has a
red color and specific breeding with different levels that produce wide variety
of seaweeds. According to endosymbiotic theory Choloroplasts evolved from the
ancestor form to the eukaryotic living beings. So that this event led to
descend of green and red algea. İn addition, Red algeas is the oldest algea
kind which is based on old times and were found in rocks in Canada.
REFERENCES:
By Regina Bailey (September 12,2018) https://www.thoughtco.com/major-types-of-algae-373409
By Jennifer Kennedy (January 18, 2020) https://www.thoughtco.com/red-algae-rhodophyta-2291974
By Radboud University Nijmegen https://www.vcbio.science.ru.nl/en/virtuallessons/redalgae/
Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_algae#cite_note-24
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